Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of intense dizziness episodes.TIA%20how%20long%20does%20vertigo%20last.jpg' alt='Vertigo' title='Vertigo' />Vertigo DC Comics Wikipedia.This article is about the subsidiary of DC Comics.For the DC Comics villain, see Count Vertigo.Vertigo is an imprint of the American comic book publisher DC Comics.It was created in 1.Comics Code Authority, thus allowing more creative freedom than DCs main imprint.These comics were free to contain explicit violence, substance and drug abuse, sexuality, nudity, profanity, and other controversial subjects, similar to the content of R rated films.Vertigo' title='Vertigo' />Vertigo is kind of dizziness and a symptoms of a range of conditions.It can cause nausea and vomiting.Find out more about the causes and treatment.Vertigo is a medical condition where a person feels as if they or the objects around them are moving when they are not.Often it feels like a spinning or swaying.Although its initial publications were primarily in the horror and fantasy genres, it has also published works dealing with crime, social commentary, speculative fiction, biography, and other genres.Originally publishing a mix of company and creator owned work, its current focus is on the latter.It pioneered in North America an increasingly common publishing model, in which monthly series are periodically collected into collected editions which are kept in print for bookstore sale.Vertigo series have won the comics industrys Eisner Award, including the best continuing series of various years The Sandman, Preacher, 1.Bullets, Y The Last Man and Fables.Several of its publications have been adapted to film such as Constantine,1A History of Violence,2Stardust, and V for Vendetta3 and episodic television such as Constantine, i.Zombie, Lucifer, and Preacher.HistoryeditDevelopmenteditVertigo originated in 1.Karen Berger, a former literature and art history student, who had joined DC Comics in 1.In the mid 1. 98.Berger was editor of such DC titles as Wonder Woman and Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld, and began recruiting writers from the UK, including Neil Gaiman, Peter Milligan, and Grant Morrison.She found their sensibility and point of view to be refreshingly different, edgier and smarter than those of most American comics writers,4 and worked with them and others on superheroscience fiction series Animal Man, Doom Patrol vol.Shade, the Changing Man vol.Black Orchid miniseries Gaimans first work for DC,5fantasy series The Sandman vol.Hellblazer and The Saga of the Swamp Thing6 written by Alan Moore, a British writer hired by previous editor Len Wein.These seven titles, all of which carried a Suggested for Mature Readers label on their covers,7 shared a sophistication driven sensibility the fan press dubbed the Bergerverse.In a 1. Levitz, DC publisher Jenette Kahn, and managing editor.Dick Giordano, Berger was given the mandate to place these titles under an imprint that, as Berger described, would do something different in comics and help the medium grow up.Several DC titles bearing the age advisory, such as Green Arrow and The Question cancelled shortly before the launch of Vertigo, did not make the transition to the new imprint.Several new Vertigo mini series were originally developed for Disney Comics aborted Touchmark Comics imprint analogous to their mature audiences Touchstone Pictures studio announced before the so called Disney Implosion of 1.Touchmark Comics was to be run by former DC editor Art Young, but when it was canceled, both Young and the works were brought into the Vertigo fold, allowing Berger to expand the imprints publishing plans.These titles included Enigma, Sebastian O, Mercy, and Shadows Fall.Initial launcheditVertigo was launched in January 1.Their publishing plan for the first year involved two new titles whether ongoinglimited series or one shots each month.The existing series cover date March 1.Shade the Changing Man starting with 3.The Sandman 4. 7, Hellblazer 6.Animal Man 5. 7, Swamp Thing 1.Doom Patrol 6. 4, with new writer Rachel Pollack.The first comic book published under the Vertigo imprint was the first issue of Death The High Cost of Living, a 3 issue series by Neil Gaiman and Chris Bachalo.The second new title was Enigma, an 8 issue limited series initially planned to launch Touchmark, written by Peter Milligan also author Shade, the Changing Man, and drawn by the artist from Grant Morrisons earlier Kid Eternity miniseries.The following month saw the debut of Sandman Mystery Theatre by Matt Wagner and Steven T.Seagle, and illustrated primarily by Guy Davis, described as playing the 3.Sandman. Wesley Dodds in a title whose sensibilities echo crime genre fiction.Joining it was J.M. De. Matteis and Paul Johnsons 6.Mercy. New series that began in the months that followed include Kid Eternity ongoing by Ann Nocenti and Sean Phillips spun off from the earlier Morrison penned miniseries, Grant Morrison and Steve Yeowells 3 issue steampunk miniseries Sebastian O another ex Touchmark project, Skin Graft by Jerry Prosser and Warren Pleece, The Last One by De.Matteis and Dan Sweetman, Jonah Hex Two Gun Mojo by Tim Truman and Sam Glanzman, Black Orchid ongoing by Dick Foreman and Jill Thompson spun off from the earlier GaimanMc.Kean miniseries, The Extremist by Peter Milligan and Ted Mc.Keever, Scarab by Scot Eaton and Mike Barreiro, and The Childrens Crusade, a crossover involving several of the imprints ongoing series.Gaimans The Books of Magic limited series was relaunched as an ongoing series written by John Ney Rieber, and illustrated by Peter Gross later also writer, Gary Amaro, and Peter Snejbjerg.Although the books did not have a consistent house style of art, the cover designs of early Vertigo series featured a uniform trade dress with a vertical bar along the left side, which included the imprint logo, pricing, date, and issue numbers.The design layout continued with very little variation until issues cover dated July 2.Fables 1 which introduced an across the top layout ahead of 2.Vertigo X 1. 0th anniversary celebration.The distinctive design was designed to be used on all Vertigo books except the hardcovers, trade paperbacks, and graphic novels.Berger noted that DC was very committed to line, having put a lot of muscle behind promoting it, including a promotional launch kit made available to retailers who ordered at least 2.February issue of Sandman 4.Platinum edition variant cover for Death The High Cost of Living 1 and a 7.Vertigo Preview comic featuring a specially written seven page Sandman story by Gaiman and Kent Williams.In addition, a 1.Vertigo Sampler was also produced and bundled with copies of Capital City Distributions Advance Comics solicitation index.Works previously published by DC under other imprints, but which fit the general character of Vertigo, have been reprinted under this imprint.This has included earlier issues of Vertigos launch series, V for Vendetta, and books from discontinued imprints, such as Transmetropolitan initially under DCs short lived sci fi.Helix imprint, and A History of Violence originally part of the Paradox Pressline.Cancellations and new serieseditTwo of the new ongoing series did not last long Kid Eternity was cancelled after 1.Black Orchid continued for only 2.Sandman Mystery Theatre and most of the pre existing series continued for several years, including Sandman which reached its planned conclusion with 7.Hellblazer would be the last of the original ongoing series to be canceled, ceasing publication in February 2.As the imprints initial ongoing series came to their ends, new series were launched to replace them, with varying degrees of success.The Sandman was replaced following its completion by The Dreaming 1.The Sandman Presents, which featured stories about the characters from Neil Gaimans series, written by other creators.Other long running series have been The Invisibles by Grant Morrison and various artists 1.Preacher by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon 1.Transmetropolitan by Warren Ellis and Darick Robertson 1.Bullets by Brian Azzarello and Eduardo Risso 1.Lucifer by Mike Carey, Peter Gross, and Ryan Kelly 2.Y The Last Man by Brian K.Vaughan and Pia Guerra 2.DMZ by Brian Wood and Riccardo Burchielli 2.Fables by Bill Willingham, Mark Buckingham, and various other artists 2.Jack of Fables by Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges credited as Matthew Sturges and various artists 2.Editorial changeseditIn December 2.Karen Berger announced that she would be leaving the company the following March.Bergers position at the head of Vertigo was filled by Shelly Bond, who had begun editing for the imprint in 1.However in 2. 01.Vertigo Wikipediatype of dizziness.Not to be confused with acrophobia, an irrational fear of heights.Vertigo. Horizontal nystagmus, a sign which can accompany vertigo.Pronunciation. Specialty.Otorhinolaryngology.Symptoms. Feeling of spinning or swaying, vomiting, difficulty walking12Causes.Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV, Mnires disease, labyrinthitis, stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraine12Similar conditions.Presyncope, disequilibrium, non specific dizziness2Frequency.Vertigo is a medical condition where a person feels as if they or the objects around them are moving when they are not.Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement.This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking.It is typically worsened when the head is moved.Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness.The most common diseases that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV, Mnires disease, and labyrinthitis.Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma, and uneven pressures between the middle ears.Physiologic vertigo may occur following being exposed to motion for a prolonged period such as when on a ship or simply following spinning with the eyes closed.Other causes may include toxin exposures such as to carbon monoxide, alcohol, or aspirin.Vertigo is a problem in a part of the vestibular system.Other causes of dizziness include presyncope, disequilibrium, and non specific dizziness.Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and is otherwise normal between these episodes.The episodes of vertigo should last less than one minute.The Dix Hallpike test typically produces a period of rapid eye movements known as nystagmus in this condition.In Mnires disease there is often ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and the attacks of vertigo last more than twenty minutes.In labyrinthitis the onset of vertigo is sudden and the nystagmus occurs without movement.In this condition vertigo can last for days.More severe causes should also be considered.This is especially true if other problems such as weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness occur.Dizziness affects approximately 2.About 5 have vertigo in a given year.It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men.Vertigo accounts for about 23 of emergency department visits in the developed world.ClassificationeditVertigo is classified into either peripheral or central depending on the location of the dysfunction of the vestibular pathway,1.Vertigo can also be classified into objective, subjective, and pseudovertigo.Objective vertigo describes when the person has the sensation that stationary objects in the environment are moving.Subjective vertigo refers to when the person feels as if they are moving. 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The third type is known as pseudovertigo, an intensive sensation of rotation inside the persons head.While this classification appears in textbooks, it has little to do with the pathophysiology or treatment of vertigo.PeripheraleditVertigo that is caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the vestibule utricle and saccule, and the vestibular nerve is called peripheral, otologic or vestibular vertigo.The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV, which accounts for 3.Other causes include Mnires disease 1.Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults e.Motion sickness is sometimes classified as a cause of peripheral vertigo.People with peripheral vertigo typically present with mild to moderate imbalance, nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, tinnitus, fullness, and pain in the ear.In addition, lesions of the internal auditory canal may be associated with facial weakness on the same side.Due to a rapid compensation process, acute vertigo as a result of a peripheral lesion tends to improve in a short period of time days to weeks.CentraleditVertigo that arises from injury to the balance centers of the central nervous system CNS, often from a lesion in the brainstem or cerebellum,91.Central vertigo may have accompanying neurologic deficits such as slurred speech and double vision, and pathologic nystagmus which is pure verticaltorsional.Central pathology can cause disequilibrium which is the sensation of being off balance.The balance disorder associated with central lesions causing vertigo is often so severe that many patients are unable to stand or walk.A number of conditions that involve the central nervous system may lead to vertigo including lesions caused by infarctions or hemorrhage, tumors present in the cerebellopontine angle such as a vestibular schwannoma or cerebellar tumors,91.Chiari malformation,9multiple sclerosis,9parkinsonism, as well as cerebral dysfunction.Central vertigo may not improve or may do so more slowly than vertigo caused by disturbance to peripheral structures.Signs and symptomseditVertigo is a sensation of spinning while stationary.It is commonly associated with nausea or vomiting,2.Recurrent episodes in those with vertigo are common and frequently impair the quality of life.Blurred vision, difficulty in speaking, a lowered level of consciousness, and hearing loss may also occur.The signs and symptoms of vertigo can present as a persistent insidious onset or an episodic sudden onset.Persistent onset vertigo is characterized by symptoms lasting for longer than one day2.Naturally, the nerve conduction slows with aging and a decreased vibratory sensation is common.Additionally, there is a degeneration of the ampulla and otolith organs with an increase in age.Persistent onset is commonly paired with central vertigo signs and symptoms.The characteristics of an episodic onset vertigo is indicated by symptoms lasting for a smaller, more memorable amount of time, typically lasting for only seconds to minutes.Typically, episodic vertigo is correlated with peripheral symptoms and can be the result of but not limited to diabetic neuropathy or autoimmune disease.Motion sicknesseditMotion sickness is one of the most prominent symptoms of vertigo and develops most often in persons with inner ear problems.The feeling of dizziness and lightheadedness is often accompanied by nystagmus an involuntary movement of the eye characterized by a smooth pursuit eye movement followed by a rapid saccade in the opposite direction of the smooth pursuit eye movement.During a single episode of vertigo, this action will occur repeatedly.Symptoms can fade while sitting still with the eyes closed.PathophysiologyeditThe neurochemistry of vertigo includes six primary neurotransmitters that have been identified between the three neuron arc2.VOR. Glutamate maintains the resting discharge of the central vestibular neurons, and may modulate synaptic transmission in all three neurons of the VOR arc.Acetylcholine appears to function as an excitatory neurotransmitter in both the peripheral and central synapses.Gamma Aminobutyric acid GABA is thought to be inhibitory for the commissures of the medial vestibular nucleus, the connections between the cerebellar Purkinje cells, and the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the vertical VOR.Three other neurotransmitters work centrally.Dopamine may accelerate vestibular compensation.Norepinephrine modulates the intensity of central reactions to vestibular stimulation and facilitates compensation.Histamine is present only centrally, but its role is unclear.Dopamine, histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine are neurotransmitters thought to produce vomiting.It is known that centrally acting antihistamines modulate the symptoms of acute symptomatic vertigo.
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